Hepatitis is a general term of disease that refers to the inflammation occurring in the liver. Hepatitis is commonly caused by viral infections, although it can also be caused by other conditions. Some causes of hepatitis in addition to viral infections are the habit of drinking alcohol, autoimmune diseases, as well as toxic substances or certain medications.
In the UK liver disease is generally caused by a condition that often occurs in the life of the people, namely excessive consumption of alcohol. In favor of this liver disease, certainly relates closely to hepatitis which is a term to describe the inflammation of the liver.
The problem is that this disease sometimes does not cause symptoms so that people do not realize even though it is already. In some cases, hepatitis can cause jaundice and liver failure in some people.
A. Some of the symptoms that commonly appear in patients with hepatitis are:
- Experiencing flu-like symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and weakness
- Pale-coloured feces
- The eyes and skin turn yellowish (jaundice)
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- Urine becomes dark like tea
- Loss of appetite
- Body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius
- Feeling thirsty all the time
- Pale
- Skin feeling itchy
B. Causes of Hepatitis
1. Hepatitis A
The cause of hepatitis A is a viral hepatitis A (HAV). This virus is usually transmitted by food or drinking water contaminated with feces of hepatitis A who contain hepatitis A virus.
Most people who get hepatitis A heal completely within two weeks to six months. This Virus also does not leave liver damage, but in some rare cases, hepatitis A can cause liver failure to death.
2. Hepatitis B
The cause of hepatitis B is hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B can be transmitted through a body fluid infected with hepatitis B virus.
Bodily fluids that could potentially transmit hepatitis B virus are blood, vaginal fluid, and semen. Simultaneous use of syringes, sexually related to infected couples, may trigger the risk of hepatitis B.
3. Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is transmitted by direct contact with the body fluid with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Almost identical to hepatitis B, the cause of hepatitis B is the use of injectable drugs and sexual contact.
Hepatitis C often does not give symptoms, but chronic infections can cause damage to the day to cirrhosis. In some cases, people with cirrhosis also experience liver failure, liver cancer, etc. until death.
4. Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is also commonly referred to as the hepatitis Delta. As with other hepatitis, the cause of hepatitis D is viral hepatitis D (HDV).
Viral hepatitis D can infect through direct contact with infected blood. Hepatitis D disease is a rare hepatitis disease that occurs only in conjunction with the infection of hepatitis D. The Virus is not able to breed hepatitis B.
5. Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). Hepatitis E is easy to do in environments that do not have good sanitation, due to hepatitis E virus contamination in water sources.
6. Other causes
In addition to viruses, other causes of hepatitis are due to liver damage caused by chemical compounds such as alcohol, the use of drugs exceeding doses, to exposure to toxins. In addition, hepatitis can also occur due to autoimmune conditions in the body. The immune system precisely attacks and destroys the cells and tissues of the body, in this case it is the cells of the liver, causing inflammation.
C. How to Overcome Hepatitis
1. How to treat acute hepatitis
- .Rest.
Hepatitis patients feel tired and sick and less energetic, so it often requires time lag for rest.
Overcoming nausea and vomiting. Nausea can make you difficult to eat. Try to divide the food into several small portions and spend it in a day compared to a large meal at a time. Consume more high-calorie foods to get enough calories. For example, drink fruit juice or milk instead of just plain water. In addition, it is recommended to receive intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration due to vomiting. Patients with severe nausea and/or vomiting may need to be hospitalized for treatment and obtaining intravenous fluids.
- Resting the heart
Your liver may have difficulty in absorbing drugs and alcohol. Consult a physician before using any medication, including free medication. Do not drink alcohol during the hepatitis infected because alcohol damages the liver.
- Be wary of using drugs or components that give negative effects in patients with impaired liver (eg paracetamol, alcohol).
Impaired hearts may not be able to cleanse the drug normally, and these medications may remain in the blood for long periods and reach toxic levels. In addition, sedatives and "tranquilizer" should be avoided because both can cause severe hepatic failure effects on the brain and lead to lethargy and coma.
- Stop drinking alcohol and smoking
Alcohol worsened liver damage in chronic hepatitis, and made it develop more rapidly into cirrhosis. Smoking can also worsened liver disease and should be discontinued.
- Avoid having sex without condoms
Because different types of sexual activity can transmit infections to your spouse, avoid all sexual activity if you suffer from hepatitis. All forms of safety such as condoms do not provide adequate protection.
2. How to treat chronic hepatitis
- Injection of alpha interferon (Pegasys)
- Oral ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus)
- Oral Boceprevir (Victrelis)
- Simeprevir (Olysio)
- Oral sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
- Oral simeprevir (Olysio)
- Oral daclatasvir (Daklinza)
- Oral leovir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni)
- Oral ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (Technivie)
- Oral ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir (Viekira Pak)
The standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C was formerly a combination of antiviral therapy consisting of interferon and ribavirin, sometimes referred to as PEG/riba therapy. Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) with the most frequent injection for young people to fight infections that do not want to undergo long-term treatment or who may want to conceive in a few years. The drug is used in conjunction with a dose twice daily of oral ribavirin (Rebetol, Copegus).
Liver transplant: In the event of serious damage to liver function, you can choose liver transplant as a treatment option. In a liver transplant, the doctor will remove the damaged part of the liver and replace it with a healthy heart. Most of the liver transportation comes from deceased donors, and a small number comes from live donors that donate some of its heart. For hepatitis C infection sufferers, liver transplant is not a healer. Treatment with antiviral drugs usually persists after a liver transplant, since hepatitis C will likely recur on a new liver.
Vaccination: Until now, there has been no vaccine for hepatitis C, so doctors will likely advise you to receive hepatitis A virus vaccine and hepatitis B. Some different viruses can also damage liver function, thus making the treatment Hepatitis C becomes more complicated.
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